How to Determine Directions to North, South, East, and West. Knowing how to identify the cardinal directions using different methods can help you succeed in orienteering challenges, regain your sense of direction when you’re disoriented, and even stay alive if you’re lost on your own. While tools like a compass or a smartphone make navigation easier, you can still figure out north, south, east, and west using simple techniques when no devices are available.
Method1 .Shadow Stick
Step 1: Collect your tools
To use this method, you will need:
- A straight stick between 2 and 5 feet (60–150 cm) long
- A straight stick about 1 foot (30 cm) long
- Two rocks, stones, or other heavy objects that won’t be moved by the wind
Choose an open area with direct sunlight for best results.
Step 2: Plant your stick upright in the ground
Push the longer stick straight into the ground so it stands as vertically as possible.
Place one rock on the ground to mark the tip of the stick’s shadow.
Step 3: Wait 15 to 20 minutes
After 15–20 minutes, the shadow will have moved as the sun changes position.
Place the second rock at the new tip of the shadow.
If possible, waiting longer and marking additional shadow positions can improve accuracy.
Step 4: Connect the dots
Draw a straight line on the ground between the two shadow marks, or use the shorter stick to connect them.
The shadow moves in the opposite direction of the sun, so this line represents the east–west direction:
- The first mark indicates west
- The second mark indicates east
From this line, you can determine north and south by facing east—north will be on your left and south on your right.