Financial Glossary

The strategy of dividing investment portfolio among different asset categories such as stocks, bonds, and cash.

The process of paying off debt with a fixed repayment schedule in regular installments over time.

The annual rate charged for borrowing, expressed as a single percentage number.

The practice of profiting from price differences in different markets for the same asset.

The lowest price a seller is willing to accept for a security.

Any resource owned by an individual or corporation that has economic value.

A technical analysis indicator measuring market volatility by decomposing the entire range of a price.

A measure of performance on a risk-adjusted basis, representing the excess return of an investment relative to a benchmark.

A certificate issued by a U.S. bank representing shares in a foreign company for trading on American exchanges.

A comprehensive report on a company's activities throughout the preceding year.

An asset pricing model that uses multiple factors to explain asset returns.

A financial security collateralized by a pool of assets such as loans, leases, or receivables.

An option whose strike price is equal to the current market price of the underlying asset.

A market where buyers enter competitive bids and sellers enter competitive offers simultaneously.

The maximum number of shares that a corporation is legally permitted to issue.

A platform that automatically executes trades based on pre-programmed instructions.

The average number of shares traded in a security over a specific period.

Interest that has accumulated on a bond since the last interest payment.

When one company purchases most or all of another company's shares to gain control.

A mortgage loan with an interest rate that changes periodically based on an index.

Trading that occurs after regular market hours.

A security issued by a government-sponsored enterprise or federal agency.

A mutual fund that seeks maximum capital appreciation by investing in high-growth companies.

Using computer algorithms to execute trades at high speeds and frequencies.

An order that must be executed in its entirety or not at all.

Investments in assets other than traditional stocks, bonds, and cash.

An option that can be exercised at any time up to its expiration date.

A table detailing each periodic payment on an amortizing loan.

A financial professional who evaluates securities and makes investment recommendations.

An affluent individual who provides capital for a business startup in exchange for ownership equity.

A mandatory yearly meeting of a company's shareholders.

A financial product that pays out a fixed stream of payments to an individual.

A clause in an option or convertible security protecting investors from equity dilution.

An investor who attempts to profit from market inefficiencies through arbitrage.

A group of securities that exhibit similar characteristics and behave similarly in the marketplace.

The professional management of various securities and assets to meet specified investment goals.

An order to buy or sell a security at the market's closing price.

An order to buy or sell a security at the market's opening price.

A debt instrument with an interest rate that resets through periodic Dutch auctions.

An official inspection of an organization's accounts by an independent body.

The maximum amount of share capital that a company is authorized to issue.

Using dividends or capital gains distributions to purchase additional shares.

A method for calculating the cost basis of mutual fund shares for tax purposes.

Buying more of a security as its price declines to reduce the average cost per share.

An individual or entity that meets certain income or net worth requirements for investing in unregistered securities.

The period when an investor is building wealth through regular contributions.

A portfolio management strategy where the manager makes specific investments with the goal of outperforming an index.

An investor who uses equity stake in a corporation to bring about change within the company.

An additional stock offering by a company that has already gone public.

An individual's total gross income minus specific deductions.

A technical indicator that shows the difference between advancing and declining stocks.

A situation where sellers have information that buyers do not have, or vice versa.

A marketing arrangement where a company pays commission to external websites for traffic or sales.

The return on an investment after taxes have been paid.

A conflict of interest inherent in any relationship where one party is expected to act in another's best interests.

The total demand for goods and services within a particular market.

A stock that experiences a sudden drop in price due to unexpected bad news.

One hundredth of one percent (0.01%), used to describe interest rate changes.

A market condition where securities prices fall 20% or more from recent highs.

A measure of a stock's volatility in relation to the overall market.

Stocks of large, well-established, financially sound companies with a history of reliable performance.

A fixed income instrument representing a loan made by an investor to a borrower.

A market condition where securities prices rise 20% or more from recent lows.

A technical analysis tool defined by a set of lines plotted two standard deviations from a moving average.

A financial statement that reports a company's assets, liabilities, and shareholder equity.

A legal proceeding involving a person or business unable to repay outstanding debts.

An investor who believes that a particular security or market will decline.

A standard against which the performance of a security or investment manager can be measured.

The highest price a buyer is willing to pay for a security.

The difference between the bid price and the ask price of a security.

The first decentralized cryptocurrency, using peer-to-peer technology to operate without central authority.

A mathematical model for pricing options contracts.

A distributed ledger technology that maintains a continuously growing list of records.

State regulations established as safeguards for investors against securities fraud.

A grade given to bonds that indicates their credit quality.

The net asset value of a company, calculated as total assets minus intangible assets and liabilities.

An investment approach that focuses on analyzing individual stocks before considering macroeconomic factors.

The point at which total cost and total revenue are equal, resulting in no net loss or gain.

An individual or firm that acts as an intermediary between an investor and a securities exchange.

An investor who believes that a particular security or market will rise.

The natural rise and fall of economic growth that occurs over time.

A passive investment strategy where an investor buys stocks and holds them for a long period.

When a company buys back its own shares from the marketplace, reducing the number of outstanding shares.

An order to purchase a security at or below a specified price.

An order to buy a security once its price rises to a specified level.

A bond that is not registered and is payable to whoever possesses it.

A standard against which the performance of a portfolio or fund is measured.

A measure of the volatility of a security or portfolio compared to the market as a whole.

The number of shares investors are willing to purchase at the bid price.

Extremely large data sets that may be analyzed computationally to reveal patterns and trends.

An exotic option that pays out a fixed amount or nothing at all.

October 19, 1987, when stock markets around the world crashed.

A large, privately negotiated securities transaction.

A legally binding term of agreement between a bond issuer and bondholder.

A mutual fund that invests primarily in bonds and other debt instruments.

A portfolio of bonds with different maturity dates to provide regular income.

The process by which an underwriter determines the price at which an IPO will be offered.

An investor who looks for stocks that have hit bottom and are poised for a rebound.

The 1944 agreement that established the international monetary system.

A short-term loan used until a person or company secures permanent financing.

An index designed to reflect the movement of the entire market.

A person or firm in the business of buying and selling securities for its own account or others.

An options strategy that involves buying call options at a specific strike price while selling the same number of calls at a higher strike price.

A company's plan for making a profit, including products, services, and target market.

Firms that purchase investment services, such as mutual funds and pension funds.

A condition or indicator that suggests it is a good time to buy a security.

A strategy of buying an asset after it has dropped in price.

Closing out a short position by buying the same amount of shares that were sold short.

An options strategy that involves buying a security and writing a call option on that same security.

Testing a trading strategy on historical data to see how it would have performed.

When a private company becomes public by acquiring a company that is already listed.

A market condition where the current price of an asset is higher than prices trading in the futures market.

Money owed to a company that is unlikely to be paid and is written off as a loss.

A record of all transactions made between entities in one country and the rest of the world.

The difference between a country's imports and exports.

A large payment due at the end of a balloon loan.

The interest rate at which a nation's central bank lends money to domestic banks.

When many customers withdraw their deposits from a bank simultaneously due to fears of insolvency.

A type of chart used in technical analysis that shows the high, low, open, and closing prices.

The exchange of goods or services without using money.

The first currency quoted in a currency pair in forex trading.

The interest rate that banks use as the basis for setting rates for different types of loans.

International banking regulations that provide recommendations on banking laws and regulations.

The risk that the hedging strategy may not work perfectly due to differences between the hedge and the underlying asset.

A stock certificate that is not registered in the name of a specific owner.

A field of finance that studies how psychological influences can affect market outcomes.

A stock that is believed to be a leading indicator of the direction of the overall market.

The person who enjoys the benefits of ownership even though the title is in another name.

A person who derives advantage from something, especially a trust, will, or life insurance policy.

An agreement by an underwriter to do their best to sell as much of an offering as possible.

The second phase of software testing in which a sampling of the intended audience tries the product.

The difference between the bid price and the ask price of a security.

A nickname for the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).

A written order used primarily in international trade that binds one party to pay a fixed sum to another party.

A trading system where the methodology is not disclosed or is proprietary.

An unpredictable event that is beyond what is normally expected and has severe consequences.

A development stage company that has no specific business plan or purpose.

An interest rate charged on a loan that represents the combination of a previous rate and a new rate.

A trust in which the trustees have full discretion over the assets, and the trust beneficiaries have no knowledge of the holdings.

A decentralized, distributed ledger that records the provenance of a digital asset.

A marketing theory that suggests companies should create new demand in an uncontested market space.

A group of individuals elected to represent shareholders and oversee the activities of a company.

A short-term interest-bearing security issued by a municipality in anticipation of future bond issuance.

A calculation for restating semi-annual, quarterly, or monthly discount bond yields into an annual yield.

A legal contract between a bond issuer and bondholders that specifies the terms of the bond.

The marketplace where participants can issue new debt or buy and sell debt securities.

The return an investor realizes on a bond, expressed as a percentage of the bond's face value.

The primary underwriter or lead coordinator in the issuance of new equity, debt, or securities.

The ratio of equity available to common shareholders divided by the number of outstanding shares.

A process of economic expansion and contraction that occurs repeatedly.

The amount of money a lender will loan to a company, based on the value of the collateral the company pledges.

A company's net income, net earnings, or net profit.

A check that cannot be processed because the account holder has insufficient funds.

A European term for a stock exchange.

The commercial value that derives from consumer perception of the brand name.

When the price of an asset moves above a resistance level or below a support level.

The international monetary system that was established after World War II.

Interim financing used until longer-term financing can be arranged.

A measure of the money supply that includes more than just physical money.

An arrangement that allows an investor to deposit funds and place investment orders with a licensed brokerage firm.

A type of foreign direct investment where a company purchases or leases existing production facilities.

A situation in which asset prices rise well above their intrinsic value.

When a government's expenditures exceed its revenues.

An options strategy that involves selling put options at a specific strike price while buying the same number of puts at a lower strike price.

A debt instrument whose entire principal value is paid all at once on the maturity date.

The practice of packaging two or more products together and selling them for a single price.

The rate at which a new company spends its venture capital to finance overhead before generating positive cash flow.

An affluent individual who provides capital for a business startup, usually in exchange for convertible debt or ownership equity.

The strategies and technologies used by enterprises for data analysis of business information.

A written document that describes in detail how a business will achieve its goals.

An order to buy a security at or below a specified price.

The purchase of an asset by paying the margin and borrowing the balance from a broker.

An order to buy a security once its price rises to a specified level.

The purchase of a controlling interest in a company.

An analyst who works for a pension fund, mutual fund, or other institutional investor.

A transaction that market participants use to lock in a price for a commodity they will need in the future.

The money an investor has available to buy securities, including cash and available margin.

A secondary product produced in addition to the main product.

A privacy-focused cryptocurrency that uses ring signatures to hide transaction details.

The profit from the sale of an asset when the sale price exceeds the purchase price.

Compound Annual Growth Rate - the mean annual growth rate of an investment over a specified period.

The annual interest rate paid on a bond, expressed as a percentage of the face value.

A digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography for security and operates independently of a central bank.

The quotation of two different currencies in forex trading, with the value of one currency quoted against the other.

A liquidity ratio that measures a company's ability to pay short-term obligations.

A financial contract that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy an asset at a specified price.

A model that describes the relationship between systematic risk and expected return for assets.

Funds used by a company to acquire, upgrade, and maintain physical assets.

A financial market in which long-term debt or equity-backed securities are bought and sold.

The net amount of cash and cash equivalents being transferred into and out of a business.

A savings certificate with a fixed maturity date and specified fixed interest rate.

A pattern within a price chart that helps predict future price movements.

Excessive trading in a client's account to generate commissions.

Trading halts triggered by substantial market declines to prevent panic selling.

A mutual fund that issues a fixed number of shares through a single initial public offering.

An asset that a lender accepts as security for a loan.

An unsecured, short-term debt instrument issued by corporations.

A service charge assessed by a broker or investment advisor for providing investment advice.

A basic good used in commerce that is interchangeable with other goods of the same type.

A security that represents ownership in a corporation.

Interest calculated on the initial principal and also on accumulated interest from previous periods.

A measure that examines the weighted average of prices of a basket of consumer goods and services.

A type of bond that can be converted into a predetermined number of shares of the issuing company.

A debt security issued by a corporation and sold to investors.

The original value of an asset for tax purposes, usually the purchase price.

A financial derivative that allows an investor to swap credit risk with another investor.

An assessment of the creditworthiness of a borrower in general terms or with respect to a particular debt.

The practice of funding a project or venture by raising small amounts of money from a large number of people.

A platform that allows customers to trade cryptocurrencies for other assets.

Preferred stock whose dividends accrue if not paid out.

A foreign exchange agreement between two parties to exchange currencies.

A bond's annual interest payment divided by its current market price.

A stock whose price is affected by macroeconomic changes in the overall economy.

A bond that can be redeemed by the issuer before its maturity date.

A style of financial chart used to describe price movements of a security.

A measure of a bank's capital expressed as a percentage of its risk-weighted credit exposures.

The large-scale exodus of financial assets and capital from a nation.

A payment to mutual fund shareholders of gains from the sale of fund assets.

The particular combination of debt and equity used by a company to finance its overall operations.

Company assets that are cash or can be converted into cash immediately.

A metric that expresses the time it takes for a company to convert its investments in inventory into cash.

The institution that manages a state's currency, money supply, and interest rates.

A strategy of investing in multiple CDs with different maturity dates.

A trader who uses charts and patterns to make trading decisions.

A business term used to describe a virtual barrier to avoid conflict of interest.

An intermediary between buyers and sellers of financial instruments.

A trade that is no longer active, either through sale or purchase to offset an existing position.

A structured financial product that pools together cash flow-generating assets.

A financial institution that accepts deposits, offers checking account services, and makes loans.

Trading securities without paying a commission to a broker.

Contracts to buy or sell a specific quantity of a commodity at a specified price on a particular future date.

A company financial statement that displays all items as percentages of a common base figure.

The mean annual growth rate of an investment over a specified period longer than one year.

A measure of consumers' optimism about the state of the economy.

A situation where the futures price of a commodity is above the expected future spot price.

Preferred stock that includes an option for the holder to convert the preferred shares into common shares.

The system of rules, practices, and processes by which a company is directed and controlled.

The required return necessary to make a capital budgeting project worthwhile.

A sudden reduction in the general availability of loans or credit.

The difference in yield between two bonds of similar maturity but different credit quality.

The practice of obtaining information or input into a task by enlisting the services of a large number of people.

A software program that stores private and public keys and interacts with various blockchain.

The total return of an investment over a set period of time.

A monetary authority that maintains a fixed exchange rate with a foreign currency.

A country's trade balance plus net income and direct payments.

A valuation measure that uses real earnings per share over a 10-year period.

Slang for the GBP/USD currency pair in forex trading.

The amount above par value that a company must pay when it calls a security.

A provision in some callable securities that prevents the issuer from calling the security for a certain period.

Preferred stock that the issuer has the right to redeem at a specified price after a certain date.

A pattern formed by the open, high, low, and close prices of a security over a specific time period.

The extent to which an enterprise or a nation uses its installed productive capacity.

A national account that shows the net change in asset ownership for a nation.

The process that companies use for decision-making on capital projects.

The net capital accumulation during an accounting period for a particular country.

Physical assets that a company uses in the production process to manufacture products and services.

A business process or industry that requires large amounts of money to produce a good or service.

The loss incurred when a capital asset decreases in value.

A line used in the capital asset pricing model to illustrate the rates of return for efficient portfolios.

A conservative investment strategy where the primary goal is to preserve capital and prevent loss.

The total amount of physical capital available in an economy.

The amount of money a company receives from selling stock above its par value.

A measure of how effectively a company uses its capital to generate revenue.

An interest rate that has a maximum limit.

An insurance company that is wholly owned and controlled by its insureds.

A strategy in which an investor borrows money at a low interest rate to invest in an asset that provides a higher rate of return.

An accounting method where revenue is recorded when cash is received, and expenses are recorded when cash is paid.

A business or product that generates a steady, reliable flow of cash.

A dividend paid to shareholders in the form of cash.

Short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash.

A financial statement that provides aggregate data regarding all cash inflows and outflows.

A marketplace where commodities or securities are traded for immediate delivery.

A rate of return often used in real estate transactions that calculates the cash income earned on the cash invested.

A liquidity ratio that measures a company's ability to pay short-term obligations with cash and cash equivalents.

A settlement method used in certain futures and options contracts where the cash value is delivered instead of the physical commodity.

The amount of money an insurance company pays to a policyholder upon cancellation of a life insurance policy.

A high-yield debt instrument designed to raise money for insurance companies in the event of a catastrophe.

Latin for "let the buyer beware," a principle that the buyer is responsible for checking the quality of goods before purchase.

An entity that interposes itself between counterparties to contracts traded in financial markets.

A document declaring in which country a commodity or good was manufactured.

The sequence of historical transfers of title to a property.

A chapter of the United States Bankruptcy Code that permits reorganization under the bankruptcy laws.

A chapter of the United States Bankruptcy Code that provides for liquidation of a debtor's assets.

A card that requires the cardholder to pay the full balance each month.

A list of all accounts used by a business in its general ledger.

A professional designation given by the CFA Institute that measures the competence of financial analysts.

A federal law that allows banks to handle checks electronically.

The largest U.S. options exchange.

A global marketplace for trading futures and options.

The official currency of the People's Republic of China.

A fraudulent practice where a broker excessively trades in a client's account to generate commissions.

A rule that temporarily halts trading on an exchange when a security or market index drops by a specified percentage.

A classification of common stock that typically carries more voting rights than Class B shares.

A lawsuit in which a large group of people collectively bring a claim to court.

A classification of common stock that typically carries fewer voting rights than Class A shares.

The price of a bond excluding accrued interest.

A fee charged by a clearing house for clearing trades.

A theory that a company's stock price will react to changes in dividend policy based on the preferences of its investor base.

To eliminate an investment from one's portfolio.

An economy that does not engage in international trade.

A market with restrictions on who can buy and sell.

The bell that signals the end of a trading session at a stock exchange.

The final price at which a security is traded on a given trading day.

The delivery of computing services over the internet.

A credit card issued by two partnering institutions, typically a bank and a retailer.

A percentage of the cost of a covered healthcare service that you pay after you've paid your deductible.

A fixed amount you pay for a covered healthcare service after you've paid your deductible.

An investment strategy that involves following the trades of successful investors.

A set of principles and rules that guide the behavior of individuals or organizations.

A statistical measure that represents the proportion of the variance for a dependent variable that's explained by an independent variable.

A systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment.

A popular cryptocurrency exchange platform.

The solicitation of potential customers who have had no prior contact with the salesperson.

A method of storing cryptocurrencies offline to protect them from hacking.

A security backed by a pool of debt, often low-rated corporate loans.

Any object considered worth collecting, such as art, antiques, or rare coins.

A company that pursues payments of debts owed by individuals or businesses.

A way of investing money with others to participate in a wider range of investments.

A mortgage loan secured by commercial property.

The interest rate at which commercial paper is issued.

The division of commission between a broker and a sales agent.

A momentum-based oscillator used to help determine when an investment vehicle is reaching a condition of being overbought or oversold.

An investment trust that combines investor contributions to trade in futures and options markets.

A person or company that transports goods or people for any person or company.

A body of unwritten laws based on legal precedents established by the courts.

A group of countries imposing few or no duties on trade with one another and a common tariff on trade with other countries.

A method of analyzing financial statements by expressing each line item as a percentage of a base amount.

A U.S. federal law designed to encourage commercial banks to help meet the needs of borrowers in all segments of their communities.

A description of a company's business, history, and financial performance.

The ability of an individual or group to carry out a particular economic activity more efficiently than another activity.

A minimum balance that must be maintained in a bank account by a borrower.

Conditions that allow a company to produce a good or service at a lower price or in a more desirable fashion for customers.

The act of adhering to, and demonstrating adherence to, external laws and regulations.

The geometric average amount of money earned by an investment each year over a given time period.

An option for which the underlying is another option.

The process where the value of an investment increases because the earnings on an investment generate their own earnings.

A management level position responsible for supervising the quality of accounting and financial reporting.

A single centralized account into which funds from various locations are transferred.

The risk of loss from a single exposure or group of exposures with the potential to produce large enough losses to threaten a bank's core operations.

An order to buy or sell a security only when certain conditions are met.

A telephone call in which someone talks to several people at the same time.

A range of values that is likely to contain a population parameter with a certain degree of confidence.

A legal agreement that binds one or more parties to non-disclosure of confidential information.

A corporation made up of several different, seemingly unrelated businesses.

A figure based on the combined estimates of analysts covering a public company.

Financial statements of a group of companies that are presented as those of a single economic entity.

A period of indecision in the market where prices move within a confined range.

A measure used to compare yields on different fixed-income securities.

Personal debt taken on to purchase goods and services.

Debt incurred by an individual for personal or household consumption.

A sector category of stocks and companies that tend to follow the economic cycle.

Goods that are not consumed quickly and have a long lifespan.

Goods that are consumed quickly and have a short lifespan.

A measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services.

A statistical measurement of the overall health of the economy as determined by consumer opinion.

Essential products such as food, beverages, tobacco, and household items.

A beneficiary who receives benefits if the primary beneficiary dies before the benefits are paid.

A potential liability that may occur depending on the outcome of a future event.

A chart pattern that suggests the current trend will continue.

The mathematical limit that compound interest can reach if it's calculated and reinvested into an account's balance over a theoretically infinite number of periods.

A contract between two parties, typically described as "buyer" and "seller", stipulating that the seller will pay the buyer the difference between the current value of an asset and its value at contract time.

The month in which a futures contract expires.

An investor who goes against prevailing market trends by buying when others are selling and selling when others are buying.

The total value of the stock that shareholders have bought directly from the issuing company.

A cost accounting concept that allows a company to determine the profitability of individual products.

An amount that a buyer is willing to pay over the current market price of a publicly traded company to gain a controlling interest.

A corporate entity that is registered and conducts business in a different country than the residency of the controlling owners.

A home loan not guaranteed or insured by the federal government.

The amount by which the price of a convertible security exceeds the current market value of the common stock into which it may be converted.

The price per share at which a convertible security can be converted into common stock.

The number of common shares received at the time of conversion for each convertible security.

A market-neutral investment strategy that seeks to profit from the pricing differential between a convertible security and its underlying stock.

A measure of the curvature in the relationship between bond prices and bond yields.

A period of time during which a buyer can cancel a purchase without penalty.

A defining capability or advantage that distinguishes an enterprise from its competitors.

A measure of inflation that excludes certain items that face volatile price movements, notably food and energy.

Any event that brings material change to a company and affects its stakeholders.

A document filed with the Secretary of State that establishes a corporation.

The beliefs and behaviors that determine how a company's employees and management interact.

The practice of spying on competitors to gain a business advantage.

The area of finance dealing with the sources of funding and the capital structure of corporations.

A business model that helps a company be socially accountable to itself, its stakeholders, and the public.

A tax imposed on the net income of a corporation.

A legal entity that is separate and distinct from its owners.

A reverse movement, usually negative, of at least 10% in a stock, bond, commodity, or index.

A statistical measure of how two securities move in relation to each other.

A measure of the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two variables.

A form of managerial accounting that aims to capture a company's total cost of production.

The effective rate that a company pays on its current debt.

The return a company requires to decide if an investment meets capital return requirements.

The direct costs attributable to the production of the goods sold by a company.

The amount of money needed to sustain a certain level of living, including basic expenses such as housing, food, taxes, and healthcare.

The accumulated total of all costs used to create a product or service, which has been sold.

A situation where overall prices increase due to increases in the cost of wages and raw materials.

The other party that participates in a financial transaction.

The risk that the other party in an agreement will default or fail to live up to its obligations.

The risk of investing in a country, where a change in the business environment may adversely affect operating profits.

The annual interest rate paid on a bond, expressed as a percentage of the face value.

A bond that pays periodic interest payments during its life and its principal at maturity.

A promise in an indenture or other formal debt agreement that certain activities will or will not be carried out.

An options strategy whereby an investor holds a long position in an asset and writes call options on that same asset.

An arbitrage strategy that exploits interest rate differentials between two countries while covering exchange rate risk.

Accounting practices that follow required laws and regulations but deviate from what those standards intend to accomplish.

The ability of a customer to obtain goods or services before payment, based on the trust that payment will be made in the future.

A financial professional who assesses the creditworthiness of individuals, companies, or securities.

An agency that collects and researches individual credit information and sells it to creditors.

A payment card issued to users to enable the cardholder to pay a merchant for goods and services.

A method whereby a company attempts to improve its debt or credit worthiness.

A type of loan made in a business or corporate finance context.

A record of a borrower's responsible repayment of debts.

The maximum amount of credit that a financial institution extends to a client.

A credit arrangement where a bank or vendor extends a specific amount of unsecured credit to a specified borrower.

A commercial document issued by a seller to a buyer, reducing the amount that the buyer owes to the seller.

The different types of credit accounts you have, including credit cards, installment loans, mortgage loans, and retail accounts.

The risk of loss of principal or loss of a financial reward stemming from a borrower's failure to repay a loan.

A numerical expression based on a level analysis of a person's credit files, to represent the creditworthiness of an individual.

A member-owned financial cooperative, controlled by its members and operated on the principle of people helping people.

A person or company to whom money is owed.

An agreement between two parties to exchange interest payments and principal on loans denominated in two different currencies.

A method of reducing risk by investing in two different assets that have a negative correlation.

The listing of a company's common shares on a different exchange than its primary and original exchange.

The exchange rate between two currencies, each of which is not the official currency of the country in which the quote is provided.

An economic theory arguing that rising public sector spending drives down or even eliminates private sector spending.

A particularly profitable or otherwise particularly valuable corporate unit or asset of a firm.

A digital asset that uses cryptographic techniques to maintain its operation as a currency or decentralized application.

The process by which new cryptocurrency coins are created and transactions are verified and added to the blockchain.

A stock trading with the right to receive the next dividend payment.

A stock trading with the right to subscribe to a new issue of shares.

A type of voting system that helps strengthen the ability of minority shareholders to elect a director.

A system of money in general use in a particular country.

A selected group of currencies whose weighted average is used as a measure of the value of a currency.

A decrease in the value of a currency in a floating exchange rate system.

A deliberate downward adjustment to a country's currency value relative to another currency, group of currencies, or standard.

A policy in which a national government sets a specific fixed exchange rate for its currency with a foreign currency or a basket of currencies.

A form of risk that arises from the change in price of one currency against another.

The difference between a nation's savings and its investment.

All assets that can reasonably be expected to be converted to cash within one year.

A company's debts or obligations that are due within one year.

The time remaining until a financial instrument expires or matures.

The most recent price at which a security was sold.

An investment's annual income divided by its current market price.

A financial institution that holds customers' securities for safekeeping to minimize the risk of theft or loss.

A financial account held by a custodian for a minor.

A technology for managing all your company's relationships and interactions with customers and potential customers.

Unemployment that results from business cycle recessions.

The practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks.